The solar cycle significantly impacts the visibility and intensity of the Northern Lights (aurora borealis) through its influence on solar activity.
The solar cycle, which lasts approximately 11 years, consists of periods of solar maximum and solar minimum
During the solar maximum, the sun exhibits increased activity, characterized by a higher number of sunspots and solar flares.
This heightened activity leads to more frequent and intense geomagnetic storms, which are essential for producing vibrant auroral displays.
When charged particles from the sun collide with the Earth's atmosphere, they excite gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, resulting in the beautiful colors of the aurora.
The intensity and frequency of these displays are generally greater during the solar maximum, as the increased solar wind and energetic particles enhance the likelihood of auroras being visible even at lower latitudes.
As the current solar cycle approaches its peak in 2024, scientists predict an uptick in auroral activity, making this an exciting time for skywatchers.