The darkness of space, despite the vast number of stars, can be explained through several key concepts, primarily associated with Olbers' Paradox, the nature of light, and the expansion of the universe.
Olbers' Paradox questions why the night sky is dark when there are countless stars in the universe. If the universe were infinite, eternal, and uniformly filled with stars, every line of sight should eventually hit a star, making the night sky bright
Finite Age of the Universe: The universe is approximately 13.8 billion years old. This means light from stars beyond a certain distance has not had enough time to reach us.
Expansion of the Universe: The universe is expanding, and many distant stars and galaxies are moving away from us.
As they do, their light is redshifted, meaning it shifts to longer wavelengths, often beyond the visible spectrum into infrared or radio waves, which are not detectable by the human eye
Vacuum of Space: Space is a near-perfect vacuum, meaning there are very few particles to scatter light.
On Earth, the atmosphere scatters sunlight, giving us a blue sky. In contrast, in the vacuum of space, light travels in straight lines without scattering, resulting in a dark appearance
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